刚看到一篇文章分析为什么非洲对疫苗不信任,说的是诺贝尔奖获得者、被誉为“微生物学之父”的罗伯特·科赫(HeinrichHermann Robert Koch)曾在非洲进行人体试验的事情。
1906
年,
昏睡病(一种由布氏锥虫经舌蝇叮咬而传播的人兽共患寄生虫病)席卷东非五大湖地区。这种疾病导致超过
25
万人死亡,并影响了该地区的大多数家庭。
当时,欧洲国家担心劳动力短缺会威胁到大型基础设施项目,于是为了找到解决昏睡病的方案,科赫被派往东非去寻找治疗方法。
由于需要大量的昏睡病患者,科赫“
理所当然
”获得了他想要的患者——尽管其中一些被怀疑是通过
武力抢夺
的方式抢夺的。
此外,罗伯特·科赫建议使用隔离营(英布战争期间驻南非的英国军队使用的一种形式)来对抗疾病,同时也将病人与家属隔离——如果无法治愈,就让扣留患者直到其在与世隔绝的环境中去世。
当然,这种人体实验在欧洲是不允许的。但殖民政策的种族主义性质将非洲人民视为可牺牲品。
而科赫所使用的药物也造成一定伤害。这是一款名为
Atoxyl
的
含砷
药物,在科赫发现药物不起作用时,他就会提高用药剂量
——
患者遭受剧烈疼痛和失明(大约
2%
失明),每
10
人中就有
1
人死亡。
认为,殖民国家开发的医学拯救了非洲无数人的生命。但它们的发展正值一个相互不平等的时代,虐待非洲人的现象十分猖獗。人体实验带来的创伤给人们对西医的信任蒙上了长长的阴影,尽管这一点尚未得到充分承认。
愿
=丸=
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