(图源:网络
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撰文 | 苏澄宇
审校 | Skin
他应该是世界上短期接受疫苗最多的人类。
2022年,德国卫生部门发现了一些可疑的疫苗接种记录,一位62岁的马格德堡老人在短期内接受了异常数量的新冠疫苗接种(这里简称该老人为HIM)。
随后,当地检察官对HIM进行了调查,通过审查疫苗接种记录、疫苗接种中心的文件以及HIM自己的报告,收集了证据。调查发现该男子在2021年11月至2023年10月内,接种了217次新冠疫苗。
至于为什么他要这么做,老人也没做过多解释,可能就是他想去打疫苗吧。
这些疫苗包括多种不同的疫苗配方,主要是mRNA疫苗以及其他类型,比如 BioNTech/Pfizer (Comirnaty) 、Moderna (Spikevax)、AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria)、Johnson & Johnson (Ad26.COV2.S)、针对特定变种的BioNTech/Pfizer疫苗(包括BNT-XBB.1.5, BNT-BA.1, BNT-BA.4/5)、GSK/Sanofi (Vidprevtyn Beta)。
考虑到HIM并未利用虚假信息获得接种,接种行为没有造成他人损害,也未对公共卫生构成直接威胁,检察官决定不以欺诈罪提起刑事诉讼。
病毒学博士Kilian Schober听闻这件事后,兴奋了起来,因为这给科学家提供了一个难得的案例,看一个人在短期内接受超量疫苗后会对免疫系统造成什么样的影响。
Kilian Schober在社交媒体上发了一则推文,好奇超量疫苗对人体的影响
Kilian Schober及其研究小组后面联系了检察官,最终找到了这位62岁的老人。经过沟通,老人同意在埃朗根接医疗检查,自愿提供期间各种医疗信息。除此之外。研究小组还获得了老人在打超量疫苗期间各种血液检测结果,以及COVID-19感染检测结果。研究结果发表在今年3月的《柳叶刀》上。
首先,科学家发现,HIM体内对COVID-19的特异性T效应细胞数量大幅增加,甚至高于接种三次疫苗的个体。这表明HIM的免疫系统对疫苗产生了强烈的反应。其次,尽管接种了大量疫苗,HIM的T效应细胞没有显示出疲劳迹象,这意味着这些细胞仍然能够有效地响应病毒感染。
此外,HIM体内检测到了针对COVID-19的大量特异性抗体,这些抗体来源于他接种的不同类型的新冠疫苗。此外,他的抗体水平和种类显示出对不同疫苗的广泛反应。
图源:giphy
当然,他在这段时间里从未感染过新冠,也没有出现一点相关的感染迹象,这可能表明他接受的疫苗提供了有效的保护。
有人可能怀疑打了那么多疫苗有什么副作用,但研究发现在29个月的接种过程中,HIM未报告任何疫苗相关的副作用,包括常见的疲劳、注射部位反应或发热等。
图源:论文
而且,老人对这些疫苗的耐受性良好,未出现免疫系统过度激活或自身免疫反应的迹象。
很明显,科学家对此研究结果也很惊讶。按道理来说,物极必反才是正常的,疫苗也是同理。但在老人身上,即使在接受了极高数量的COVID-19疫苗后,人体也能维持适应性免疫反应的功能。
特别是,他的体内观察到了针对COVID-19的特异性抗体和T细胞数量的增加,但这种增加并没有对适应性免疫反应的内在质量产生强烈的正面或负面影响。
虽然超量接种疫苗在一定程度上增强了他的免疫保护。然而,研究也指出,是否能将此情况直接归因于超量接种的免疫策略,仍然不确定。
Kilian Schober 表示,由于这是一个个案研究(n=1),其结果的普遍性和可推广性有限。HIM的体验不能直接推广到广泛人群中,因为个体差异、接种疫苗的种类和数量、以及其他未控制的变量可能影响结果。
所以,不管怎样,这种超量接种的实践并不被推荐,因为它远远超出了公共卫生指导和疫苗制造商的建议。
重点是,你不会因此变异成疫苗侠……千万别这么做……
图源:giphy
参考资料:
[1https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(24)00134-8/fulltext#sec1
[2]A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments.Nat Rev Immunol. 2021; 21: 83-100
将“把科学带回家”
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.8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{background-color:#111}}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, 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