从每天的睡眠和饮食节奏，到更长的季节变化和四年一次的闰年，我们的生活受到了自然循环的支配。

在一项新发表于《自然·通讯》杂志上的新研究中，一组科学家发现了一个此前未被发现的循环：深海洋流的涨落。这个循环周期与240万年来由地球和火星之间的引力牵引之战所驱动的全球气候变化有关。

  米兰科维奇循环与大循环 ‍‍‍

早在四个世纪以前，德国天文学家开普勒（Johannes Kepler）就首次发现，地球和其他行星的轨道并不完全是圆形的，而是呈椭圆形的。随着时间的推移，行星之间的引力拖曳会以一种可预测的模式改变这些轨道的形状。

1941年，塞尔维亚天体物理学家米卢廷·米兰科维奇（Milutin Milankovitch）意识到，地球轨道形状的变化、地轴的倾斜、地极的摆动，都会影响地球接收到的太阳辐射。这些周期性的变化模式被称为“米兰科维奇循环”，它们的循环周期为40.5万年、10万年、4.1万年和2.3万年。

除了这些循环之外，地质记录中还蕴藏着一些周期更长的“大循环”（grand cycles）的信号——它们是由天文学理论预测。这些大周期性的循环会在数百万年甚至数千万年的时间尺度上引发波动，与地球接收到的太阳辐射和古气候的变化有关。‍

  记录上的空缺  

在新的研究中，为了在岩石记录中寻找这些数百万年的气候循环信号，研究人员使用“大数据”方法，分析了自20世纪60年代以来收集的跨越了6500万年的海洋钻探数据。

为了探测气候周期，过去的大多数研究都集中在完整的、高分辨率的记录上。而新的研究将注意力集中在沉积记录中的“缺失部分”，也就是沉积物上的裂缝上，这些裂缝被称为沉积间断。连续的沉积物堆积表明环境较为平静；而深海沉积间断则表明有强烈的底层流侵蚀了海底沉积物。

在检查了293个来自深海钻孔的沉积层序数据后，研究人员确定了一个以240万年为循环周期的深海洋流的涨落。研究人员认为，只有一种方法可以解释这一周期：它们与火星和地球绕太阳运行的相互作用周期有关。

过去的天文模型表明，地球和火星的相互作用驱动了一个每240万年重复一次的周期循环。在这个循环中，地球会经历阳光充足且气候温暖、阳光较少且气候寒冷的循环。温暖的时期与更多的深海间歇相关，具有更强劲的深海洋流。

地球和火星的轨道以每240万年重复一次的循环对彼此产生微妙的影响。（图/NASA）

因此，这一新的发现让研究人员将地球和火星的轨道变化，与过去的全球变暖周期、深海洋流的加速联系在了一起。

  变暖和深海洋流  

此外，这一新的结果也表明，深海涡旋是早期海洋变暖的一个重要组成部分。

深海涡旋就像巨大的由风驱动的漩涡，经常到达海底深处。它们会导致海底侵蚀和大量被称为等深流沉积岩的沉积物发生类似于雪堆的漂移。随着大风暴变得更加频繁，深海涡旋会在一个日趋变暖的、更有活力的气候系统中愈演愈烈，这种情况在高纬度地区尤为显著。使得深海混合更加剧烈。

这一发现也与近期的一些卫星数据和绘制短期海洋环流变化的海洋模型相吻合：一些数据和模型表明，在过去几十年的全球变暖里，海洋混合已经变得愈加强烈。

新的发现在更长的时间尺度上延伸了这一认知。跨越了6500万年的深海数据表明，温暖的海洋有更强劲的涡流驱动环流。这一过程可能在未来的全球变暖中继续发挥重要作用。

在一个变暖的世界里，赤道和两极之间的温差缩小了，这会导致全球海洋输送带减弱。在这种情况下，富氧的地表水将不再能与更深处的水很好地混合，有可能导致海洋停滞。新研究对深海混合的结果和分析表明，更强烈的深海涡流或许能够抵消这种停滞。

研究人员尚不完全清楚，地球与火星之间的微妙影响，将如何与周期更短的米兰科维奇循环，以及目前的全球变暖相互作用。但他们希望，这些新的结果将有助于建立更好的气候模型。

#创作团队：

编译：不二北斗‍‍

排版：雯雯

#参考来源：

https://theconversation.com/new-evidence-for-an-unexpected-player-in-earths-multimillion-year-climate-cycles-the-planet-mars-225454

https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2024/03/12/mars-attracts-earth-interaction-red-planet-drives-deep-sea-circulation.html

#图片来源：

封面图&首图：NASA

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#2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, 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#259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{background-color:#111}}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: 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#8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}*{margin:0;padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important}