咳咳咳，大家最容易想到的是流感
但是，还有一种传染性疾病也有这些症状
很容易被忽视，且早期容易误诊
那就是——肺结核！
2023年11月7日
世界卫生组织例行发布了
《2023年全球结核病报告》
报告显示2022年
估算全球新发结核病患者1060万
其中我国为74.8万
在30个结核病高负担国家中
我国估算结核病发病数排第3位
占全球发病数的7.1%
2022年
估算全球结核病死亡数130万
其中我国为3万
结核病仍然是
仅次于新型冠状病毒感染的
世界第二大单一传染源死因
本期嘉宾
闵行区疾病预防控制中心 副主任医师 杨圣元（左）
闵行区疾病预防控制中心 副主任医师 马琼锦（右）
什么是肺结核病？
结核病是结核分枝杆菌感染引起的慢性传染病，结核病可以侵入人体全身各种器官，主要侵入肺脏，称为肺结核，俗称“痨病”，占结核病的80%左右。
结核病通过什么途径传播？
传染性肺结核病人（通俗地讲是痰检查找到结核菌的病人）在咳嗽、咳痰、喷嚏或大声说话时会喷出含有结核分枝杆菌的飞沫，这些飞沫被健康人吸入后就可能造成感染。传染性肺结核病人如果得不到正规治疗一年中可传染10—15人。
哪些人容易患肺结核病？
与肺结核病人共同居住、同室工作、学习的人都是肺结核病人的密切接触者，有可能感染结核菌，应
及时到医院检查排除。艾滋病毒感染者、免疫力低下者、糖尿病病人、尘肺病人、老年人等都是容易发病的人群，应每年
定期进行结核病检查。
肺结核的可疑症状有哪些？
肺结核病的早期，由于病变范围小而无特别明显的症状。即使有症状，病人和医生都容易误认为得了支气管炎或肺炎等而忽视了肺结核病。肺结核的主要症状有
咳嗽、咳痰，咯血或血痰
，及午后低热、夜间盗汗、乏力和消瘦等全身症状。有咳嗽、咳痰2周及以上，咯血或血痰等症状的人，通常叫肺结核可疑症状者。
肺结核能治愈吗？有没有复发可能性？
肺结核病人确诊后，到结核病定点医院进行正规治疗，在医务人员或经过培训的家人、志愿者等督导人员的督导下，或者通过电子药盒、智能手机APP等智能手段，按照“早期、规律、全程、联合、适量”的治疗原则，
95%的病人可以治愈，经观察两年
复发率在2%左右。由于复发是结核病特征之一，所以，停药后定期复查，进行适当的锻炼，加强营养，有症状及时就诊等是防止复发的有效措施。
肺结核病会遗传吗？
肺结核是一种慢性传染病，不是遗传性疾病，所以肺结核是
不会遗传的。有的家庭同时有几个肺结核病人，主要是由于家庭中传染性肺结核病人相互传染，而不是遗传。
肺结核病人的家属应如何做好防护工作？
肺结核病人的家属应做到：
听从医生意见，密切接触者应
接受检查，排除自身患病；
监督病人规范服药治疗，治愈病人
是最有效的预防措施。同时室内场所经常
通风，保持室内空气流通；
病人的衣物、被褥等物品，可经常采用
太阳光照射进行消毒。
与肺结核病人共进餐会不会被传染？
食物并不是结核菌传播的主要途径，因此肺结核病人使用过的餐具
不必刻意消毒。原则上，肺结核病人
不须分食，强行要求分食，会让病人造成心理阴影，可能会有被歧视感，自暴自弃，放弃治疗，反而对家人和社会造成更大的危害。
日常生活中我们如何预防肺结核？
1.
不随地吐痰，咳嗽或打喷嚏时，应当
避让他人、遮掩口鼻，进入公共场所需
佩戴口罩。
2. 室内场所应
勤开窗多通风，建议每天至少通风
2—3次，每次通风时间
不少于 30 分钟。
3. 每个人是自己健康第一责任人，
保证充足的睡眠，合理膳食，加强体育锻炼，提高抵御疾病的能力。
目前国家对结核病有什么减免补助政策吗？
在本市定点医院确诊、登记报告并规范完成全程督导治疗的普通肺结核患者和耐药肺结核患者，并且符合以下条件的
享受相应的减免政策：
1.本市户籍人员（包括本市户籍配偶和子女）；
2.非本市户籍持有《上海市居住证》者；
3.非本市户籍持有《上海市居住证》且积分达到标准分值者的同住配偶和子女。
减免范围包括抗结核药物、结核菌相关检查、胸片或者CT、血尿常规、肝肾功能检查等。
另外，闵行区对于居住本区的流动人口患者和本地贫困患者给予12个月的饮食交通补助，对耐多药患者给予24个月的饮食交通补助。
记者：高姗姗
：赵若楠
初审：吴王天呈（实习）
复审：石思嘉
终审：徐雷冰
转载请注明来自今日闵行官方微信
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