撰文 | 宋文法
怀孕,被认为是一种自然挑战,当一个女性在向母亲角色转变的过程中,生理、心理和行为上都会经历大量前所未有的变化。早期研究显示,怀孕的生理压力与生物衰老的加速有关,而这种效应在产后会发生部分逆转。然而,目前缺乏妊娠造成的加速衰老的生物标志物。
2024年3月22日,美国耶鲁大学医学院的研究人员在"
Cell Metabolism "期刊上发表了一篇题为"
The effects of pregnancy,its progression,and its cessation on human (maternal) biological aging
"的研究文章。
该研究显示,怀孕会加速衰老,而产后大幅逆转衰老。从妊娠早期到妊娠晚期,仅18周内,母亲生物学年龄约增加2岁。然而,产后3个月,母亲生物学年龄显著逆转,逆转幅度是怀孕早期到晚期增加的生物年龄的2-3倍,有些人的生物年龄逆转了8岁。
在这项研究中,研究人员分析了119名孕妇,她们处于怀孕早期、中期和晚期,通过血液样本确定了表观年龄,其中68名孕妇在产后约3个月时也提供了血液样本。研究分析了不同孕期的衰老速度,以及衰老速度的生物标志物。
结果发现,怀孕阶段和生物学年龄之间存在显著的正相关,将分娩时间定义为0,从妊娠早期(-26.5周)到妊娠晚期(-8.8周),仅18周的时间,母亲生物学年龄PCPhenoAge、PCGrimAge、GrimAge2分别增加2.39岁、1.19岁、2.52岁。
然而,从怀孕后期到产后3个月,母亲的生物学年龄发生了显著的逆转,逆转幅度是怀孕早期到晚期增加的生物年龄的2-3倍,有些人的生物年龄逆转了8岁。
怀孕加速衰老,产后大幅逆转
此外,研究人员还发现,母亲的孕前BMI会影响怀孕期间的衰老速度,较高的BMI与怀孕和产后较高的生物年龄相关,与BMI为23的女性相比,BMI为30的女性的生物年龄增加了0.7-1.4岁。
值得注意的是,母亲妊娠期体重增加,并不能预测生物衰老的指标。
最后,研究人员还分析了母乳喂养与怀孕加速衰老之间的关系,与混合喂养、配方奶喂养相比,纯母乳喂养的母亲生物学年龄更低,约年轻1岁。
研究人员表示,接下来还有很多事情要做。首先,我们不知道产后恢复效果是否与短期或长期的产妇健康结果相关,以及这些影响是否会在连续怀孕中累积。其次,我们也不知道产后生物年龄的下降是否只是系统恢复到怀孕前的生物年龄,或者更令人兴奋的是,怀孕是否可能具有返老还童的效果。
值得一提的是,2023年4月21日,美国哈佛医学院、杜克大学的研究人员在"
Cell Metabolism "期刊上发表了一篇题为"
Biological age is increased by stress and restored upon recovery
"的研究论文。
研究显示,人类和小鼠的生物年龄是波动的,在应对各种压力时会迅速增加,但在压力恢复后可逆转,这些变化发生在几天或几个月相对较短的时间内。这包括在人类或小鼠怀孕时,或者在新冠感染期间,生物年龄都发生了短暂的变化。
总之,结果表明,怀孕会加速衰老,而产后大幅逆转衰老,母亲孕前BMI和母乳喂养可能分别是增加或减少母亲产后生物衰老的两个因素。研究进一步证明了怀孕可能是自然发生的生理应激源,对怀孕期间分子衰老的进一步研究可能会导致有利于孕妇的具体干预措施。
论文链接:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.015
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rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) 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#10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, 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59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 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