我国未成年人保护法规定，营业性歌舞娱乐场所、酒吧、互联网上网服务营业场所等不适宜未成年人活动场所的经营者，不得允许未成年人进入。

然而，当前部分网吧还提供棋牌、密室等非电脑上网服务，这些空间是否可以允许孩子进入？

近日，北京市延庆区人民法院就审理了这样一起行政案件，判决认定互联网上网服务营业场所接纳未成年人进入，无论是否提供上网服务，均构成违法违规，据此支持行政机关对允许未成年人进入网吧棋牌室的经营者予以处罚。

孩子进网吧棋牌室打麻将

某公司被吊销经营许可证

2022年1月，某派出所民警在日常检查工作中发现，某公司经营的网吧内设的棋牌室里，有4名未成年人在打麻将，遂将该情况反映至延庆区文化和旅游局。

延庆区文旅局接到线索后，从派出所调取工作说明、现场视频光盘及相关询问笔录等材料，并针对涉案公司接纳未成年人进入互联网上网服务营业场所的行为开展进一步调查取证工作。事后，延庆区文旅局对某公司作出《责令改正通知书》《行政处罚事先告知书》，责令某公司停业整顿并告知其拟处罚事项。2022年3月，延庆区文旅局依某公司申请组织听证，但该公司当天未按时出席听证会，并在电话中表示放弃听证。

经过集体讨论和法制审核等程序后，延庆区文旅局以某公司作为互联网上网服务营业场所接纳4名未成年人进入营业场所棋牌室打麻将，构成接纳未成年人进入营业场所的违法行为为由，根据《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》等，对某公司作出吊销《网络文化经营许可证》的行政处罚。

无论是否提供上网服务

允许未成年人进入网吧即违法

对于这一行政处罚决定，某公司不服，向延庆法院提起行政诉讼，请求法院撤销该行政处罚决定。公司认为，其经营范围包括提供棋牌服务，打麻将的行为应当归体育局或派出所管，延庆区文旅局不具有涉案执法主体资格；公司并没有向未成年人提供上网服务，因此不构成接纳行为。

延庆法院审理后认为，延庆区文旅局作出的被诉处罚决定认定事实清楚、适用法律正确、程序合法，判决驳回原告某公司的诉讼请求。某公司对该判决不服，上诉于二审法院。二审法院对此案审理后，判决驳回上诉，维持一审判决。

负责审理该案的延庆法院法官庭后表示，依据《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》第四条规定，延庆区文旅局作为区文化行政部门，具有对其辖区内从事互联网上网服务的经营单位进行监督管理并对违法行为作出相应处理的法定职责，某公司诉称延庆区文旅局不具有涉案查处职权的理由不能成立。

“互联网上网服务营业场所接纳未成年人进入，无论是否提供上网服务，均构成违法违规。”对于该案的核心争议，法官表示，是否为未成年人提供上网服务并非违法裁量标准。据介绍，除未成年人保护法有相关规定外，《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》第二十一条也规定，互联网上网服务营业场所经营单位不得接纳未成年人进入营业场所。本案中，经营场所的外观具有明显的“网吧”特点，4名未成年人进入棋牌室过程中，需要经过上网区域，“网吧”内只有一个前台，某公司未将网络服务与其他经营业务分开，棋牌室当属互联网上网服务营业场所的一部分。

法官介绍，原国务院法制办公室对《文化部关于提请就执行<互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例>有关问题进行解释的函》的复函（国法函〔2004〕13号）中指出：《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》第二十一条中的“接纳”，是指互联网上网服务营业场所接受未成年人进入营业场所的行为，无论未成年人是否上网。因此，某公司虽然没有为该4名未成年人提供上网服务，但是其接受未成年人进入其经营场所的行为，构成了《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》中的“接纳”行为。

《文化部关于加大对网吧接纳未成年人违法行为处罚力度的通知》（文市函〔2010〕458号）规定，对一次接纳3名以上（含3名）未成年人以及在规定的营业时间以外接纳未成年人，依法吊销《网络文化经营许可证》。 

据此，法院作出了如上判决。

专家点评

网吧接纳孩子有悖于最有利于未成年人原则

—— 华北电力大学法政系副主任、副教授 李雷

保护未成年人，应当坚持最有利于未成年人的原则，适应未成年人身心健康发展的规律和特点。我国未成年人保护法、《互联网上网服务营业场所管理条例》等法律法规对于经营者不得允许未成年人进入“网吧”均作出了明确规定，旨在保障未成年人合法权益。 

近年来，随着执法监管力度的不断加强，对未成年人保护法等法律法规的宣传力度、广度、深度不断加大，经营者的法律意识不断增强，互联网经营场所接纳未成年人的违法行为越来越少，但个别经营主体抱有侥幸心理，导致触碰到法律红线。本案中，延庆区文旅局作为辖区文化行政部门，通过依法行使职权，对互联网上网服务营业场所接纳未成年人的违法行为进行查处，为未成年人网络保护提供了执法保障。人民法院通过对案件进行审理进而作出公正裁判，以支持行政机关依法行政的方式为未成年人网络保护提供了强有力的司法保障。该案的办理，有利于杜绝互联网上网服务营业场所经营单位存在侥幸心理，进而有助于预防、干预未成年人沉迷网络，保护未成年人身心健康。

｜法治日报全媒体记者 徐伟伦 通讯员 杨延兴 姚一帆

来源｜法治日报

｜宋胜男 李金凤 刘旭雨

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