科研人员最美的爱情之一，莫过于一起做实验，携手发顶刊。
一对华人物理学家夫妻：康奈尔大学的单杰教授和麦健辉教授，就是令人艳羡的“超强科研夫妻档”。他们直言：“这是做研究的最好方法，因为我们可以互补。通过合作，我们可以弥补彼此的弱点，互相帮助。我相信这将大大提高我们的效率和生产力，也使我们的科学更加严谨。”
目前，这两位杰出的学者均在康奈尔大学从事研究工作。他们的主要研究领域涉及探索原子级薄材料及其异质结构中的新物理现象，包括光谱学、二维量子材料及其异质结构、固体中的Berry曲率效应、二维超导和激子凝聚、磁性以及强相关物理学等方面。
2024年伊始，他们在三周之内接连发表《Nature Materials》、《Nature Physics》、《Nature Photonics》!
据小编不完全统计，近四年以来，他们总共发表了11篇nature、近40篇发表在《Nature Materials》、《Nature Nanotechnology》、《Nature Physics》和《Nature Photonics》等大子刊上的重要研究论文。
Figure 1. 科研伉俪：单杰教授（左）和麦健辉教授（右）
今日，康奈尔大学的单杰教授和麦健辉教授再次携手在《Nature》上以题为“Evidence of the fractional quantum spin Hall effect in moiré MoTe
2”发表了二维材料领域的重磅研究成果。本文第一（兼通讯）是该课题组的博士后Kaifei Kang。
详细而言，量子自旋霍尔（QSH）绝缘体是一种二维电子材料，它的体带间隙与普通绝缘体相似，但具有拓扑保护的一对手性相反的边缘模式。迄今为止，实验研究只发现了整数 QSH 绝缘体，其每个边缘具有反向传播的上自旋和下自旋，导致量子化电导 G
0 = e
2/h（e 和 h 分别表示电子电荷和普朗克常数）。
鉴于此，研究人员报告了 2.1° 扭曲双层 MoTe
2 中部分 QSH 绝缘体的传输证据，它支持自旋-Sz 守恒和平坦的自旋对比切尔带。当摩尔价带的填充因子ν = 3 时，每个边缘都会产生一个具有零反常霍尔电导率的电导。这种状态可能是偶数分母 3/2 分数切尔绝缘体的时间反演对。此外，在 ν = 2、4 和 6 时，他们观察到了单QSH 绝缘体、双QSH 绝缘体和三QSH 绝缘体，每条边分别贡献了电导 G
0、2G
0 和 3G
0。该研究结果开辟了在高度可调莫尔材料中实现时间反转对称非阿贝尔任意子和其他意想不到的拓扑相的可能性。
【器件设计与表征】
研究中使用的tMoTe
2器件采用撕裂堆叠和逐层转移方法制造，包括将单层MoTe
2、单层WSe
2、六方氮化硼(hBN)和几层石墨剥离到Si/SiO
2基材（图1）。这些器件是使用标准电子束光刻和蒸发技术的组合来定义的，以创建用于电气测量所需的接触和栅极。tMoTe
2器件的电传输测量是在低温环境下使用配备超导磁体的稀释制冷机进行的。测量在恒定偏置电压下进行，以避免样品加热效应，并利用低频锁定技术精确测量样品电阻。MoTe
2莫尔条纹的扭曲角是根据高磁场下填充因子=2产生的朗道能级进行校准的。发现扭转角约为2.10
o，莫尔条纹密度约为1.26×10^
11cm
-2。在层杂化体系中，在=2、3、4和6处存在QSH绝缘体，每个边缘贡献特定的电导值。换言之，ν=2、3、4和6处的传输是边缘主导的（图1）。
图 1. Moiré MoTe
2 器件和表征
【整数和分数 QSH 绝缘子】
执行全面的两端电阻测量（图2和图3），以验证ν=2、3、4和6时的边缘通道传输，并确定每个边缘对电导的贡献。图2a显示了图2b（插图）所示的测量配置在E=0附近的R2t的填充依赖性。图2b显示了相应的两端电导，G
2t=1/R
2t。ν=1Chern绝缘体状态的量化R
2t=h/e
2或G
2t=G
0平台验证了接触电阻校准过程。与ν = 1处的陈绝缘体类似，在ν = 2、3、4和6附近观察到R
2t=h/(νe
2)或G
2t = νG
0的近量子化平台（图2）。对于小场(E<Ec)，电导平台与电场无关，而两个整数填充之间的可压缩区域的电导对E敏感（图2b）。
图 2. 量化的两端传输
具体来说，对于偶数填充因子ν=2、4和6，每个边缘分别贡献电导G
0、2G
0和3G
0。这些状态与分别具有一对、两对和三对螺旋边缘模式的整数QSH绝缘体一致，每对贡献电导G
0。对于奇数填充因子ν=3，每个边缘贡献一个电导
，这只能通过电荷分级来解释；ν=3状态与分数QSH绝缘体一致。
图 3. 两端异地传输
【温度依赖性】
通过研究 QSH 态的温度依赖性来检查它们的能级。图 4a 显示了E=0附近G
2t的填充因子依赖性，测量配置与图2相同。随着温度升高，电导平台逐渐被抹掉，并且在高温下，电导随填充因子平稳增加。图4b显示了分数QSH绝缘体在不同温度下G
2t的电场依赖性。结果表明电场引起从分数QSH绝缘体到费米液体的转变。未来基于Corbino几何装置的研究可以在分数QSH绝缘体中进行批量传输，有必要定量研究量子相变。
对整数QSH绝缘体在ν = 2、4和6处的一对、两对和三对螺旋边缘态的观察，具有阶梯状相关性（图2和4），分别表明存在多个朗道能级-类似于2.1° tMoTe
2中的Chern能带。
图 4. 拓扑相变和热激发
【总结】
在tMoTe
2中观察到ν = 3处的分数QSH绝缘体留下了许多悬而未决的问题，例如状态的稳定性和性质。在高磁场下的单层TMD中观察到自旋谷极化朗道能级3/2填充处的分数量子霍尔(FQH)态；3/2-FQH状态比奇数分母4/3-和5/3-FQH状态更稳健。此外，莫尔材料中整数填充因子的绝缘状态通常比分数填充的绝缘状态更稳定。这些点可能有助于阐明ν = 3分数QSH状态的稳定性。
关于状态的性质，3/2分数陈绝缘体37至少有六种可能的候选状态：普法夫态、331态、强配对态及其粒子-空穴共轭态。在没有自旋谷混合的情况下，3/2分数陈绝缘体类似于单层TMDs48中的单组分3/2-FQH状态；可以支持非阿贝尔激励的普法夫或反普法夫态可能是稳定的基态。
未来的实验和理论研究需要充分理解这种奇异状态的本质及其与其他对称破缺相的竞争。
来源：高分子科学前沿
声明：仅代表个人观点，水平有限，如有不科学之处，请在下方留言指正！
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