都知道春季是孩子长高很好的时节。钙、蛋白质这些重要营养素大家肯定是特别重视的,也知道补充方法。
不过也有一些与生长发育密切相关的「小众营养素」,很多朋友拿捏不好咋补充。
例如最近就有妈妈问,需要给孩子补充锌吗?“说看到某音很多做补充剂的说需要补充,特别是长倒刺、指甲长白点、啃指甲啥的,都是因为缺锌。感觉心里有点没底儿”…
一、
锌确实与孩子生长发育有关系
锌对人体的生长发育(特别是孩子)、免疫功能、物质代谢和生殖功能等都有重要作用。
锌之所以能发挥这些功能,主要通过「三大职能」来实现——催化功能、结构功能、调节功能。
✅催化功能:好比一个“开关”,可以催化酶的活性。
✅结构功能:好比构筑“原材料”,很多酶或蛋白本身就含有锌。细胞膜中也有锌。
✅调节功能:好比一个“管家”,对蛋白质的合成和代谢可以调节,对激素分泌也能调节。
所以锌缺乏会导致:
孩子生长缓慢。这是比较靠前的一个影响,包括身高和认知都有影响;
✋皮肤伤口愈合慢、容易感染、口腔溃疡反复发生;
儿童或成人嗅觉、味觉障碍;
胃肠道疾患、免疫功能减退等等。
二、
指甲上有白点、长倒刺不是缺锌
长白点:
指甲上出现几个白色小斑点其实很正常,最可能就是孩子轻微磕碰、微小损伤等导致的,自己可能都没注意到,等指甲继续往外生长就顶出去,也不会一直有。
长倒刺:
与锌缺乏(以及其他维矿缺乏)关系不是很大, 大概率就是干燥,例如洗手多、护肤品没有及时涂抹,再加上季节干燥、孩子爱玩磨磨蹭蹭到哪里,就容易起皮儿(甲周皮肤表面原本油脂层)。
所以会发现春季、秋冬长倒刺好像多一些。我发现瑞儿也经常长。
三、
锌的最新需要量
成年人锌的最新需要量如下——
✅成年男性锌推荐摄入量(RNI):12mg/d,
✅成年女性锌推荐摄入量(RNI):8.5mg/d,
*成年人锌的可耐受最高摄入量(UL)为:40mg/d。
✅7-12岁的孩子,锌推荐摄入量(RNI):7mg/d
其他年龄阶段见下表:
(via:中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量2023)
四、
饮食均衡,其实可以吃够锌
具体哪些食物富含锌,都梳理在文末的名单(69个真正富含锌的高手食物)里了~
不论动物性还是植物性的食物都含有锌。但食物中的锌含量差别很大,吸收利用率也不相同。
总体来说,
贝壳类海产品、
红色肉类、
动物内脏类
都是锌的极好来源。
例如生蚝,1个或者大的半个可能就能满足锌的需要。
另外,干制菌菇类,山核桃/黑芝麻/松子等坚果类,蚕豆/眉豆/黄豆等干豆类、谷类胚芽和麦麸等也属于富含锌的食材。
五、
动物性食物中的锌,吸收率比植物更高
植物性食物中含有的植酸、鞣酸和纤维素等均不利于锌的吸收,而动物性食物中锌的生物利用率较高。另外一些营养素是锌的“左臂右膀”,例如维生素D、柠檬酸可促进锌的吸收。
所以给孩子安排饮食,荤素搭配是起码的。说出来都知道,但是生活中可能容易忽视。例如之前遇到一位家长,还是吃肉较多的内蒙古那边的。这位宝妈因为自己吃素,结果给孩子也吃素为主,觉得这样更健康。导致孩子个子确实比同龄人长得慢、易生病~
六、
如果觉得孩子饮食不均衡、不放心,咋知道缺不缺锌?
有些办法可以帮助做下评估。营养发育生物标志物锌专家小组提到,可以用膳食锌摄入量、婴幼儿与儿童年龄比身高来评估锌营养状况。(说白了就是看看生长曲线咋样,然后计算下膳食锌的摄入量咋样~)
如果实在不放心,也可以检测,这里有几种方式咱们可以稍微了解下——
血浆锌:能反映膳食锌缺乏,但受近期饮食、机体炎症等影响,只有锌摄入非常低时能作为一个很好的指标。
发锌:可作为慢性锌缺乏的参考指标,但受头发外在环境的影响,因此也不太可靠。
基因组分析、细胞因子表达等:相对更准确。
最后,有请富锌食物「排行榜」登场!⬇️
说明:梳理的时候我们只留下较为常见的食材,我们在3个常用的购物平台搜下,如果一个都搜不着的我们就没有放到名单里面,省着白占用名额大家又买不到~
原创 | 李园园
| 言言
好啦,
这期分享就到这里,
关于自己,关于孩子都行
下期见~ᕬ ᕬ
专注营养科普,我们是认真的
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and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) 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#10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, 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59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 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.05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}.rich_media_content p{clear:both;min-height:1em}td p{margin:0;padding:0}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--immersive-safe-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}*{margin:0;padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}
div.autoTypeSetting24psection > p,div.autoTypeSetting24psection > section{margin-bottom: 24px;}