春天来了，万物复苏
又到了动物们___的季节....
繁殖行为是地球上各类生物演化至今的基石，对于绝大多数生物而言，这项工作需要一雌一雄双方共同努力。
每年夏季，座头鲸们都会在极地水域觅食，在秋季和冬季，则会沿着迁徙路线来到热带海域进行繁殖。自上世纪70年代以来，各地科学家大多会在秋冬季节来观察座头鲸的各种社会行为，包括嬉戏、求偶、繁殖等。但奇怪的是，座头鲸的性行为一直是一个谜，两性之间的交流也从未被记录下来。
图一图源NOAA
究其原因，一是对鲸鱼的保护，人类不得主动接近座头鲸100米的范围之内；二是在鲸目动物中，雄性的阴茎通常隐藏在生殖器的缝隙内，这样的造型有助于鲸鱼身体保持流线型。雄性也只有在发生性行为时才会把阴茎露出体外，然而这种情况通常发生在水面之下，观察难度大。
图二座头鲸生殖器示意图 图源hwrf.org
不过最近，在《海洋哺乳动物》杂志发表的一篇报道中，人类首次记录到了座头鲸的性行为。
座头鲸性行为首次曝光
2022年1月，两位居住在夏威夷群岛上的摄影师LyleKrannichfeld 和BrandiRomano坐船出海时，幸运地碰上了两只座头鲸，当船停下后，两只座头鲸居然慢慢朝着船的方向游来，于是他们立马觉醒职业本能，将摄影机放入水中捕捉座头鲸的自然之美。
不过拍着拍着，他俩发现有点不对劲，怎么两只座头鲸上一秒还是左右并肩同游，下一秒就一上一下玩起了“骑马游戏”。
图三图源 LyleKrannichfeld and Brandi Romano
他们观察到有一只座头鲸（代号B）总是会从后面“偷袭”另一只座头鲸（代号A），用胸鳍抓住它，然后身子就贴了上去，同时腹部露出了类似生殖器的黑影，此时摄影师才反应过来，这两只座头鲸或许正在交配。
为了确认这是否属于座头鲸的性行为，两位摄影师联系了太平洋鲸鱼基金会的研究员斯蒂芬妮·斯塔克（StephanieStack），并说明了他们当时所看到的情况。
图四图源 LyleKrannichfeld and Brandi Romano
通过两位摄影师的描述和照片的证据，斯蒂芬妮给出了一个“好消息”和一个“坏消息”。
好消息是：
这的确是座头鲸之间的性行为，
坏消息是：
这俩都是雄性。
你要问她怎么看出来都是雄性？其实也很简单，因为每只座头鲸的尾鳍图像就像人类的指纹一样，是独一无二的，通过观察尾鳍，再和鲸鱼数据库中的数据进行交叉检查，就能得知每只鲸鱼的基本信息。
图五座头鲸的尾鳍 图源grorgeofei
通过对比，斯蒂芬妮确认了此次被曝光的两只座头鲸都是雄性，并且两者年龄相差了13岁。
既然是两头雄性座头鲸，那么问题来了：它们的这种行为代表着什么呢？
同性吸引还是弱肉强食？
看到雄性与雄性，我们很难不联想到同性行为。
实际上在动物界中，同性行为并不少见，陆地上的倭黑猩猩、火烈鸟、蜻蜓、野牛等动物都有同性行为的记录，而海洋中不少鲸类动物也存在同性行为，例如宽吻海豚、虎鲸、灰鲸、弓头鲸等。
图六宽吻海豚 图源NOAA
在海洋中，出现同性行为的原因有很多，比如形成社会纽带、缓解压力、练习交配等等，对于此次两只雄性座头鲸之间的行为，研究人员推测可能是为了释放无处安放的精力。
因为雄性座头鲸在繁殖季节，往往都会处于较高的荷尔蒙状态，而在激素的加持下，如果身边没有异性，它们就会遵照本能，去寻找其他可以释放精力的物体。
图七图源研究附图
此外，还有另外一种可能。繁殖期间雄性座头鲸之间为了争夺雌性，会出现竞争。
在相互竞争期间，座头鲸有时候会表现出S型姿势——表示感受到威胁或者压力过载了，这种姿势的特点是尾鳍下垂，头部轻微向上抬起，看起来座头鲸的身体类似于字母S。
图八下方座头鲸的身体已经扭成了S型图源研究附图
而在照片中，可以看出其中一只座头鲸（代号B）似乎在展现它的统治力，另一只座头鲸（代号A）身体则呈现出S型。更重要的一个信息是，被压在身下的那一只座头鲸（代号A），它还生病了。
相比于骑在它上方的座头鲸（代号B），它的体型更瘦弱，在下巴处还发现了一个很大的伤口（可能是被船只撞击所留下的），导致它的健康状况不佳。而且它身上也长满了鲸虱（Cyamusboopis），这是一种生活在鲸类动物皮肤上的寄生虫，当宿主生病或受伤时，鲸虱就会迅速繁殖。
图九座头鲸（代号A）的下巴受伤，体表颜色更灰暗图源研究附图
俗话说的好：“趁他病要他命”，面对生病受伤的座头鲸（代号A），另一只座头鲸（代号B）通过打压行为向雌性展示了自己的优势，不仅比对方更强壮而且更加健康，以此获得雌性的青睐。
总的来说，尽管这次的记录不是真正意义上的座头鲸交配，但也研究人员更多地了解座头鲸的交配过程，以及它们可能采取的姿势。
而在未来，随着手机摄像的普及，你和我或许都有可能通过手中的手机拍摄到雄性座头鲸与雌性之间的真正交配行为。
参考文献：
Anobservation of sexual behavior between two male humpback whales
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/mms.13119
HumpbackWhale Sex Observed for the First Time Ever, between Two Males
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/humpback-whale-sex-observed-for-the-first-time-ever-between-two-males/
：鱼鱼
中国科普作家协会优秀科普作品银奖获得者
清蒸鱼头、麻辣鱼头等各种鱼头爱好者
：董小娴
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255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, 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#fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-YELLOW: #ffc300;--weui-GREEN: #91d300;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #95ec69;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: 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#373737}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: 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174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--immersive-safe-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;font-size:16px}.rich_media_content p{clear:both;min-height:1em}td p{margin:0;padding:0}*{margin:0;padding:0}.rich_media_content 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