导读
16岁的花季少年,本应怀揣梦想、奔跑在青春的田野,却不幸被甲状腺癌的阴影笼罩;25岁的女孩,正处于人生灿烂的时刻,却与肺癌不期而遇。
年轻的生命正在遭受癌症的侵蚀。
不仅在我国,全球范围内,癌症正悄然伸向年轻人。
最近,出炉的肿瘤报告数据显示,年轻人癌症的发病率正以惊人的速度攀升。
林 岩 | 撰文
年轻人往往认为自己年富力强、身强体壮,对饮食和身体健康的照顾就显得漫不经心。在他们看来,疾病似乎总与年老体衰紧密相连,癌症似乎是老年人才会遭遇的厄运。
然而,现实却像一盆冷水,狠狠地将他们从这种错觉中浇醒。最新数据显示,癌症已经盯上了年轻人。
01
我国最新肿瘤数据:癌症正袭击年轻人
2024年2月初,我国国家癌症中心基于肿瘤登记及随访监测最新数据,发布了
“2022年中国恶性肿瘤疾病负担情况”
。
在这份报告中,值得我们注意的是,癌症发病年龄与过去相比有了不少变化。
45岁以下癌症发病率有了显著增长,各类癌症在0-20岁年龄组的发病率相对较低,但自20岁以上,癌症发病率显著上升。
当然随着年龄的增长,癌症的发病率越来越高,最终达到峰值,但癌症年轻化是我们不得不面临的现实。
02
各国癌症都在呈现年轻化
Cathy Eng是一名美国田纳西州范德比尔特大学的肿瘤专家,近日他接诊了一位从中国飞到美国治疗胃肠道癌晚期的16岁少女,父母为了给她治病,卖掉了房子。
这让Eng极为震惊,在以往胃肠道癌常常发生在老年群体身上,在接诊这位远道而来的少女后,他无奈地表示,“她的病情非常严重,我无能为力。”
除了Eng之外,众多直接与肿瘤患者打交道的医生也敏锐地捕捉到了癌症年轻化这一令人忧虑的趋势。
比如,印度孟买的George Barreto医生也是如此,这些医生以及专家耗费了数年的时光,精心搜集证据,最终证实了这一事实。
据全球各国的癌症统计数据显示:
在50岁以下的成年人群体中,竟有十几种癌症的发病率正悄然攀升。这一现象的严重程度因国家、癌症类型的不同而有所差异,但依据全球数据建立的预测模型显示,从2019年至2030年,早发癌症的病例数预计会激增约30%。
在美国,结肠直肠癌这一过去常常侵袭60岁以上男性的疾病,如今却已成为50岁以下男性癌症死亡的首要原因。更令人痛心的是,在年轻女性群体中,它竟已跃居癌症死亡的第二大杀手。
早发性癌症(通常定义为发生在50岁以下的成年人),尽管仍只占总病例的一小部分,但发病率一直在上升。这一上升,加上全球人口的增加,
意味着1990年至2019年间全球早发癌症死亡人数上升了近28%
。
在早发癌症中,结肠直肠癌、胰腺癌和胃癌的发病率增长最快。但其他癌症——包括乳腺癌和前列腺癌——也呈上升趋势。
在美国,
自20世纪90年代中期以来,50岁以下的成年女子子宫癌每年以2%的速度增长。2016年至2019年,早发乳腺癌每年增加3.8%。
这一系列的数据和事实,无不向我们敲响了警钟:
癌症年轻化已经成为一个不容忽视的全球性问题。
03
是何原因导致年轻人患癌激增?
癌症趋向年轻化的原因复杂且多面,
有专家认为肥胖率的上升和饮食习惯的改变或许是其中的因素之一
。
随着现代生活节奏的加快,人们的饮食结构发生了显著变化,加工食品在日常饮食中的比重逐渐增加。这种富含油脂和添加剂的饮食模式,不仅容易导致肥胖,还可能对胃肠道健康产生不良影响,进而增加患胃肠道癌症的风险。
肥胖率的上升与癌症年轻化趋势之间也有着关联。肥胖不仅影响个体的外貌和自信心,更重要的是,它还会引发一系列健康问题,包括内分泌失调、免疫功能下降等,这些都是癌症发生的潜在风险因素。
然而,仅仅将癌症年轻化归因于肥胖和饮食习惯的改变是远远不够的。
新加坡国立大学肝病学家Daniel Huang表示,
“许多人假设,肥胖和饮酒可能可以解释癌症年轻化。但实际上还需要更深入地了解这些数据。”
目前,研究人员还在探索其他可能的因素,如人体内的微生物组成。微生物群的破坏,如由饮食改变或抗生素使用引起的,已被证实与炎症和多种疾病的风险增加有关,其中就包括某些形式的癌症。
尽管目前关于微生物组与早发性癌症之间联系的研究仍处于初步阶段,但这一领域无疑为我们揭示了癌症发病机制的另一面。
未来,随着研究的不断深入和技术的不断进步,我们有望更加全面地了解癌症年轻化的原因,从而为预防和治疗癌症提供更加有效的策略。
参考资料
1.Why are so many young people getting cancer? What the data say
Deep Science预印本
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