非线性优化是一门和诸多应用学科密切相关的学科。工业过程、精密制造、金融工程、交通规划、人工智能、数据科学等各个领域提出了各种类型的优化模型,比如线性规划、二次规划、线性锥优化、非线性凸约束规划、锥约束凸优化、凸-凹极大极小问题和形式多样的非凸非线性优化问题。这些具体的优化模型的研究产生了丰富的优化理论与数值方法。
经典的优化理论包括最优性理论和稳定性分析,数值方法的理论分析主要集中在收敛性和收敛速度的分析。这些分析往往都基于一个基本的假设,即问题的可行域是非空的,或者说约束条件是相容的。然而,在复杂系统优化的建模过程中,约束条件是否相容事先可能并不知道。建模时所使用的数据的误差亦可能导致约束条件不相容。如果约束集合是空集,如何进行分析和求解呢? 少量学者已经开始考虑如何处理这种情况,他们设计算法并证明算法所产生的迭代点列趋向于约束不可行性度量的稳定点。而很多实际问题是,当约束不相容时,需要求出最小约束违背集合上目标函数的极小点。这一要求促使近年来系统研究了最小约束违背优化的理论和方法。
《最小约束违背优化》(戴彧虹,张立卫编著. 北京:科学出版社,2023. 12)详细论述在这一问题理论和方法方面的最新进展。本书主要包括最小约束违背的线性锥优化、最小约束违背的二次规划、最小约束违背的非线性凸优化、一类极小极大最小约束违背优化、最小约束违背的非凸非线性规划和一般违背度量下的凸优化。
▋理论方面的进展
以最小违背平移为工具,延拓了各类凸优化问题的对偶理论,证明了凸问题的可行性等价于对偶问题的有界性;
建立了由Lagrange 函数定义的对偶函数与由平移问题定义的最优值函数间的关系,用对偶函数刻画了平移凸优化问题的对偶问题的解集;
证明了如果最小度量的平移集合非空,那么最小约束违背线性锥优化问题的对偶问题具有无界的解集,且负的最小度量的平移是这一对偶问题解集的回收方向。
▋算法方面的进展
证明了增广Lagrange 方法可以求解各种最小约束违背的凸优化问题,生成的平移序列收敛到最小度量的平移,生成的点列满足近似地用增广Lagrange 函数刻画的最优性条件;
对于线性规划、二次凸规划和凸的非线性规划的
l₁-范数最小约束违背优化问题,给出了
l
₁ -罚函数方法,建立了方法生成的平移向量序列到最小
l
₁ -范数平移的误差估计;
证明了经典的罚函数方法在约束不相容时可以收敛到最小约束违背最优解;
研究了非凸的最小约束违背的非线性规划问题的松弛MPCC 问题的光滑函数方法,证明了由光滑函数方法生成的序列的任何聚点都是
L-稳定点;
对于
G-范数最小约束违背凸优化问题,构造了
G-增广Lagrange 方法,证明了生成的平移序列收敛到最小
G-范数度量的平移,生成的点列满足近似地用
G-增广 Lagrang 函数刻画的最优性条件。
对最小约束违背优化问题的理论与方法的研究,将促使我们对经典的对偶理论、增广Lagrange 方法以及罚函数方法等有更加深入完备的理解。
衷心感谢袁亚湘院士多年以来的指导和帮助,同时感谢刘新为教授提出的宝贵意见,感谢王嘉妮博士和刁若愉同学对本书初稿的细致检查。
本文摘编自《最小约束违背优化》(戴彧虹,张立卫编著. 北京:科学出版社,2023. 12)一书“前言”,有删减修改,标题为编者所加。
(运筹与管理科学丛书 ; 38)
ISBN 978-7-03-076565-9
责任: 李 欣 李香叶
本书可以作为应用数学、计算数学、运筹学与控制论、管理科学与系统科学等相关专业的研究生以及从事最优化理论研究与应用研究的科研人员的参考书。
(本文:刘四旦)
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