2024年度国家自然科学基金项目申请集中接收工作将于2024年3月1日开始，3月20日16时截止。
目前，2024年国自然基金申报已经进入了白热化阶段，申请者们大多已经写完了相关的申请材料，正处于精心打磨阶段。
经常有人说这句：“写国自然申请书要脱一层皮”，是的，国自然申请是一项系统工程。申请书的打磨非常重要。
近年来的国自然中标率越来越低，如何在千军万马中突出重围，每一个细节都有可能决定结果。在申请的最后冲刺阶段，应对照国自然注意事项做好相关的排查与返修，避免或者减少一些“小”的错误造成的损失。
（1）给本子取一个好名字
题目应该包含关键的信息，不仅能体现出申请者的研究领域，更重要的是从题目上体现出研究的新颖性来，从题目上吸引评审专家的目光，才能获得更多的关注度，进而提高成功率。
❶标题宜小不宜大；
❷标题要符合实际，有很强的逻辑性。
❸需要有亮点，给专家耳目一新的感觉。已中标国自然标书大多都有亮点!
❹标题平均字数是：37。尽量不要超过，否则就会显得冗长，阅读困难。
（2）重新审视学科代码
选择合适的学科代码意味着更高概率送到能鉴赏项目的函评和会评专家手中。
在选择学科代码代码之前，首先要弄清楚拟立项目所属学部的学科代码涵义。查询项目指南就可以获得这些。然后，根据自己的研究方向、研究选择相应的一级申请代码及下层的二级申请代码。
在选择代码时可以考虑：
❶是否存在过往获批资助情况？
❷过往哪些是资助较多的？
❸口子是否在萎缩？
如果不确定自己的研究到底应该属于哪一个代码，大家可以查找一下以往资助的项目，看看他们的代码是选择的是哪个！务必对照以往口子立项资助的申请人的基本公开简历，与自身进行详细比对。
特别注意：选择申请代码时，尽量选择到二级申请代码（4 位数字）。例如，生命科学部规定申请面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目，申请代码1请选择至二级申请代码，凡是只选择到学科一级申请代码的，一律不予受理。
（3）审慎选择关键词
我们知道，“学科领域”（对应“申请代码”）覆盖面较广，能够和申请项目相匹配的评审专家有很多，这时“关键词”就起到了重要作用。“关键词”是在“学科领域”里的进一步细分，也起到了决定评审专家的关键作用。
关键词填写不合理，可能也决定了后面将无法找到合适的专家评阅您的申请书。
关键词一般5个左右，能简单概括研究方向及，可以参考系统推荐的关键词。
■ 关键词的选择需要极其谨慎，尤其是第一个关键词。它不仅反映了研究的主要，还可能决定了您的申请将送到哪些函评专家手中。因此，第一个关键词应准确、明确地概括您的研究领域和焦点。
对于申请医学部的申请人，建议将疾病名词放在前面，后放关键的分子；
■ 除了疾病方向词，用词要聚焦，不要用大主题词。明确具体是什么生理过程，关键分子。
■ 关键词是已有的专有名词，最好不要自组词语。
尽可能不搞特殊化，没必要展示关键词的“罕见性”。越罕见的关键词，代表它所能匹配到对应的评审专家的概率相对很低。一个本子至少3-5个通讯评审，所以当你填写的越罕见，越难以得到合理的指派，匹配率相对的下降的也越多。
■ 对于英文关键词，一定要按照中文的关键词，用专业英语进行对应，千万千万别简单实用翻译软件后直接填写到申请书中，一定要核实！
（4）谨慎选择研究属性
2018年以前的国自然评审体系是建立在代码、关键词的架构上，而旧的体系在行使过程出现了一系列问题，即使有了代码和关键词，依然无法细分项目类型，比如做应用的和做基础的项目都混杂在一起，专家评审匹配研究不对的情况时有发生，很难做到高效精准地推荐合理专家进行评审，因此需要构建一个更为精准的评审体系规则。
“研究属性”（以前是“科学问题属性”）的目的是将应用型项目和基础项目进行区分，分别在各自赛道内竞争。
强烈建议申请人再次检查是否选择最符合的研究属性？
比如，对于自由探索类基础研究，主要是科研人员基于好奇心或创新性学术灵感，且不以满足现阶段应用需求为目的的原创性、前沿性基础研究，而对于目标导向类基础研究，撰写标书前不仅要考虑的饱满度、研究可行性和思路的新颖性，还要充分结合国家科研战略需求，以国家需求为导向出发，将科研论文写在祖国的大地上，充分考虑「国家需要什么」。
（5）切忌闭门造车，要请教一些内行和外行来看。
■ 倘若外行都能理解标书传达的意思，那么部分国家自然基金委的评委即使是外行也能够很好地 get 标书的优势。
■ 让其帮助把关标书，从专业角度和专业经验为个人提点意见和建议。尤其是一些年轻老师科研思维活跃，长期接触前沿进展，他们的思路也能够为标书锦上添花。
（6）最后再千叮嘱万叮咛一下，在提交申请书之前，一定一定要再认真检查申请书的格式、和语言表达等方面，确保申请书的质量和完整性。
文源：基金委、网络等
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