唐代诗人虞世南是一位朝廷官员，他博学多才、为官清正廉洁，在宫里为皇帝所重用。

为了表达自己高远的志向，他借由蝉的生活习性，写下了《蝉》一诗。“垂緌(ruí)饮清露，流响出疏桐”这一句，描写了蝉儿在高高的梧桐树上，吸吮着树上的露水，并发出整齐的鸣叫，清脆响亮的声音回荡在树林之间，而诗人高尚的品格正像蝉鸣一样，也能广泛地流传开来。但蝉儿为什么要发出叫声？发声的部位又是在哪呢？

只有雄蝉才发叫

其实，那些鸣叫的蝉全部是雄蝉，只有雄蝉才有完整的发声器，雌蝉是没有的。而且，这些鸣叫的雄蝉已经处在生命的最后阶段。

蝉的幼虫阶段历时很长，可达几年甚至十几年，它们生活在土壤中，专吃植物的根部，常被视为害虫。幼虫在破土之后飞到树上，开始脱壳变为成虫，不过成年后的蝉通常只能活两至三周。

雄蝉们要在这么短的时间内完成一项重要任务，那就是繁衍，它们必须不停地鸣叫，以此来吸引雌蝉与它们交配。

蝉的腹部有“大鼓”

雄蝉最关键的发声器位于它的腹部，如果你仔细看蝉的肚皮，会发现有两个小圆片，这两个小圆片叫“盖板”，盖板里面有一层透明的薄膜，叫“鼓膜”。就像击打大鼓一样，雄蝉通过使鼓膜振动而发出声音，而鼓膜靠鸣肌控制，鸣肌每秒能伸缩约1万次，使鼓膜快速振动起来，再因为盖板和鼓膜之间有空气，在鼓膜振动下会产生共鸣，所以蝉儿的鸣叫声会非常响亮。一只蝉的叫声可达90分贝，相当于割草机发出的声音。

共鸣指的是物体因为共同振动而发声的现象，两个振动频率相同的物体接近，其中一个振动发声时，另一个也会发声，声音更加响亮。

蝉叫声能预报天气

蝉的叫声虽然听起来没什么大的不同，但其频率是不一样的，有时低有时高，有时快有时慢，如果蝉发出的声音比较低沉，那它可能觉得自己身处危险之中；如果它发出的声音比较高亮，那便是它在积极地求偶。

蝉叫声能预报天气，因为潮湿的空气会增加它们鼓膜和盖板的粘稠度，不利于振动发声。当天气开始变得干燥，蝉叫声就比较响亮，往往预示着这天将是个大晴天；如果树林里的蝉集体噤声了，就表示暴风雨可能即将来临。

雌蝉的繁殖妙计

虽然雌蝉不能发声，被称为“哑巴蝉”，但它的腹部有一个听觉器官，比雄蝉的听觉器官更加敏锐，可以接收雄蝉发出的各种频率的叫声，当它被某一个频率的叫声打动，就会寻找发出这种声音频率的雄蝉进行交配。

当两者交配成功后，雌蝉会用长而尖的嘴巴在树枝上刺出一排小孔，往孔里排卵，然后将这根树枝的汁液吸干，促使树枝更快地枯萎、掉落。当树枝掉在地上，卵中孵出的幼虫便会钻到地下，寻找地底下的树根，吸食汁液，在地下生活若干年后爬出地面，通过脱壳变成成虫，继续进行生命的循环。

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rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{background-color:#111}}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: 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#10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .126)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--APPMSGCARD-BG: 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rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}.rich_media_content p{clear:both;min-height:1em}td p{margin:0;padding:0}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}