据财新披露，正在修订过程中的《保险法》草案中拟新增提出:
“若被接管的保险公司资产不足以清偿全部债务，或者依法进行保险业务转让的，经国务院批准，可以对保险合同进行合理变更。"
这句话意味着什么？
通常很多购买保险的客户会有一个疑虑，就是万一
保险公司破产了，我的保单怎么办？
每每被客户问到这个问题，很多保险代理人会介绍各种保障机制，比如
保证金制度、责任准备金制度、公积金制度、保险保障基金制度、偿付能力监管制度等，其中最核心的就是涉及到事后退出的机制，出自于《保险法》第92条。
第九十二条 经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司被依法撤销或者被依法宣告破产的，其持有的人寿保险合同及责任准备金，必须转让给其他经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司；不能同其他保险公司达成转让协议的，由国务院保险监督管理机构指定经营有人寿保险业务的保险公司接受转让。转让或者由国务院保险监督管理机构指定接受转让前款规定的人寿保险合同及责任准备金的，应当维护被保险人、受益人的合法权益。
通俗来说，就是人寿保险合同及责任准备金必须转让给别的保险公司，若没有保险公司愿意，就由国家金融监管总局指定保险公司。
万一真的破产了，保险人和受益人不用担心，还是由其他保险公司来接管，而且要维护好被保险人、受益人的合法权益。
国内近年来也出现了少数保险公司风险暴雷事件，个别保险公司暂停披露偿付能力报告。在这些金融风险处置案例中，保险保障基金起到了很大的作用，还有些案例则是负责接管处置的头部保险公司发挥了作用。但是不管如何，由于寿险业务涉及社会公众，都是平安过渡，用官方的说法是"无感转化"，其背后真正的风险承担者是各地地方政府和保险保障基金。根据2022年修订的《保险保障基金管理办法》，保险保障基金为保单持有人进行了一定程度的兜底。
第二十二条 被依法撤销或者依法实施破产的保险公司的清算资产不足以偿付人寿保险合同保单利益的，保险保障基金可以按照下列规则向保单受让公司提供救助：
（一）保单持有人为个人的，救助金额以转让后保单利益不超过转让前保单利益的90％为限；
（二）保单持有人为机构的，救助金额以转让后保单利益不超过转让前保单利益的80％为限；
（三）对保险合同中投资成分等的具体救助办法，另行制定。
除人寿保险合同外的其他长期人身保险合同，其救助标准按照人寿保险合同执行。
保险保障基金依照前款规定向保单受让公司提供救助的，救助金额应当以保护中小保单持有人权益以维护保险市场稳定，并根据保险保障基金资金状况为原则确定。
虽然客户的利益保住了，但实际上保险公司的经营压力依然很大，近年来接管的几家公司也一直在艰难中前行，拿时间换空间，一点一点消化历史遗留问题。毕竟，被接管的保险公司既然已经到了破产地步，则显然其“家底”必然不足。如果出现下面两种情况，则新公司在实务中可接盘的操作性就会大大下降。
一是寿险公司集体暴雷。其背景是长期低利率环境下的利差损风险已经到了无法释放的地步，参考案例是日本保险业在上世纪90年代至2000年初七大保险公司集体破产。
二是个别大型保险公司出现大幅度的亏损，以至于即使
保险保障基金依法依规提供救济，还是没有其他保险公司愿意接管。这个时候监管部门指定国字头保险公司救助，也会大伤元气。
当然，也不用慌，前车之鉴日本保险公司已经为我们提供了非常好的学习案例，况且我们目前的市场环境要比当时的日本好很多。我们现在讨论的是极端情况，即
保险业万一出现大亏空，已经超过国家和地方的财政能力、行业保障基金的资金实力，此时应该如何进行风险化解？
从目前各类风险处置的方案来看，一般有七大参与方。市场化的机构包括出险机构自身、机构股东和客户，行政化的机构包括地方政府、中央政府和行业救助基金，还有一方是兼具两者属性的白衣骑士：第三方机构，七方一同参与金融风险损失的吸收和化解。
《保险法》草案中新提出的这句话，意味着：
一旦保险公司濒临破产，保险客户也有可能（不是一定）会参与损失吸收，形式表现为合理变更保险合同。即仿效上世纪90年代末的日本保险业做法：新公司接盘后直接修改合同，下调预定利率至行业平均水平，客户提前退保有一定损失等。
当然，这种由金融消费者承担一部分损失的操作门槛很高。毕竟可能会引发一定程度的舆情风险，甚至影响整个保险业的行业信用。一定是慎之又慎，变更需要经国务院批准，相信也是有关部门经过深思熟虑、各种研判后的结果。
“若被接管的保险公司资产不足以清偿全部债务，或者依法进行保险业务转让的，经国务院批准，可以对保险合同进行合理变更。"
当保险客户参与一部分损失吸收后，这对后期的风险化解和其他保险公司接收业务将起到一定的助推作用。
目前市场上的四大主流金融产品（存款、理财、基金、保险）中，保险产品和定期存款的产品属性最为接近，收益特征和风险特征雷同，所以和一马当先的存款规模一样，寿险产品近年来业绩也颇有亮点。
从寿险公司的产品结构来看，普通寿险产品的保费收入在人身险保费收入中的比重显著增长，2022年已经超过了50%。
特别是在资管新规后，
固定收益型的普通寿险有效弥补了保本理财产品的市场空白，在市场利率不断下行的大背景下，长期锁定3%-3.5%保额增长率（目前为3%），
这其中以增额终身寿险为代表的固定收益型的普通寿险最受到消费者青睐，业务占比提升迅速。而和保险公司共担风险收益的分红险，市场空间逐渐狭小。当然，较高比例的固定收益型普通寿险也预示着未来利差损风险的概率上升。
对于投资者来说，需要清醒认识到，打破刚兑是大势所趋。
监管部门对于金融产品的定价管理历经三个阶段，金融产品的定价逐渐从刚性兑付向随行就市转化。
未来，如果《保险法》按此修订，保险预定利率的长期锁定也会增加一定的不确定性。
除此之外，即使保险公司破产后被
其他保险公司接盘，但是
分红险的分红、
万能险的结算利率、投连账户的收益，这些跟保险公司的经营情况息息相关的投资收益也会受到一定的影响。
总的来说，可以显见国家对于未来长期低利率环境已经开始做立法层面的前瞻布局了！
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