该书由麻栗坡县老山红色文化研究会、文山州民营企业行业发展协会、文山展梦文化传媒有限公司,中国国际文化出版社出版发行。定价:168元|本。
1980年1月,秦基伟担任了北京军区司令员,在此之前他先后担任北京军区第二政委、第一政委,在北京军区已经工作了5年。北京军区的地理位置重要,前身是华北军区,历史可以追溯到八路军晋察冀军区。
北京军区的一项重要任务就是保卫首都北京,秦基伟能担负此项重任,足以说明他是一名值得信任的老将。在他担任司令的7年时间里,先后和三任政委搭档,他们都是谁?又有哪些经历呢?
图 | 秦基伟上将
首先是司令员秦基伟,1914年11月生,湖北红安人。红安是我国有名的将军县,共诞生了61名开国将军,陈锡联、韩先楚、王建安、谢富治等都是耳熟能详的上将。
秦基伟从小命很苦,8岁丧母,在之后的三年时间内,父亲、伯父和哥哥相继去世,嫂子改嫁、姐姐出嫁,一个人孤苦伶仃。1927年11月,13岁的秦基伟参加了黄麻起义,1929年成为红11军31师机枪连战士,师长是徐向前元帅。
图 | 秦基伟
秦基伟素以“有勇有谋、能征善战”著称,抗日战争和解放战争时期,一直在刘邓大军麾下作战。1948年5月担任中原野战军9纵司令员,9纵就是后来名扬天下的15军,让秦基伟一战成名的是抗美援朝的上甘岭战役。
上甘岭战役历时43天,主要集中在面积仅3.7平方公里的两个高地,逐步由营、团规模发展到师、军规模。美军投入兵力6万余人,志愿军15军和后来参战的12军共4万余人,以美军为首的联合国军共倾泻炮弹190余万发,最多的一天30余万发。
图 | 上甘岭敌我部署图
战事最焦灼的时候,三兵团代司令员王近山给秦基伟打电话:“老秦,15军打到现在,已经到极限了,有两条路:一条是继续打,一条是退下来,你选择一下。”秦基伟直接说:“我死都不下,就是死,我也要死在上甘岭!”最终,15军取得了胜利。
1961年3月,空军组建空降兵,刘亚楼从陆军各野战军挑选,他毫不犹豫地选择了15军。他的理由是:15军在上甘岭打出了军威国威,全世界都知道有个15军。
图 | 秦基伟在朝鲜(左二)
从朝鲜回来后,秦基伟先后任昆明军区和成都军区司令员,是1984年国庆大阅兵的总指挥,1988年授上将并担任国防部长,1997年病逝,享年83岁。
秦基伟改任北京司令员后,空出的政委职务由军事科学院副政委袁升平接任,他也是北京军区的元老级人物。北京军区1955年成立时,袁升平就担任北京军区政治部主任,之前任华东军区政治部副主任。
图 | 袁升平中将
袁升平,1912年生,江西吉安人,1929年参加红军,由于小时候上过私塾,文化水平高,参加红军后一直在医院和卫生部门工作。1932年的一场战斗中,一颗子弹从袁升平左腮射入,后脖颈穿出。医生在没有麻药的情况下,给他做手术,袁升平展现出“硬汉”的一面。
袁升平和邓华很有缘分,1936年8月,袁升平担任红一军团1师1团政委,师政委是邓华。抗日战争时期,他任115师独立团副营长,邓华是团政委。1947年8月,袁升平任东北野战军7纵政治部主任,7纵司令员也是邓华。
图 | 邓华上将
1948年11月,袁升平任49军首任政委,军长是钟伟,他就是《亮剑》中丁伟的原型。1949年7月,袁升平调任40军政委,军长是在东北战场威震国民党军的“旋风司令”韩先楚。1950年5月,40军解放海南岛后,没有来得及休整,就北上中朝边境。
1950年10月19日傍晚,40军举行抗美援朝出征誓师大会,袁升平作动员说:“同志们,我们40军是直接从海南岛开到鸭绿江的,是唯一没有休整就参战的队伍。我们能够打败美械装备的国民党军,也一定能够打败美械准备的美军!”
图 | 袁升平(左二)
1950年10月25日,40军118师在两水洞打响了出国第一仗的胜利,毛主席把这一天定为志愿军出国作战纪念日。从朝鲜回来后,袁升平1955年授中将,曾担任济南军区第二政委,2003年8月病逝,享年91岁。
袁升平1982年10月卸任北京军区政委,副司令员傅崇碧接替他。傅崇碧是开国少将,1916年生于四川巴中,土地革命时期和抗战时期,他的战斗经历少,主要在地方担任县委书记和抗日军政大学工作。
1946年,傅崇碧担任晋察冀军区4纵10旅政委,1949年任19兵团64军副政委,兵团司令员是杨得志,1950年11月任63军军长。傅崇碧军旅生涯最辉煌的经历是抗美援朝第五次战役的铁原阻击战。
图 | 傅崇碧少将
1951年4月22日第五次战役打响,起初非常顺利,但随后志愿军的后勤补给跟不上,只能撤退休整,但是联合国军司令李奇微展开全线反击。铁原是连接汉城与平壤的交通要道,一旦失守,美军机械化部队将一路畅通,切断我志愿军撤退路线,战局迅速对我不利。
距离铁原最近的是63军,彭德怀命令傅崇碧不惜一切代价坚守半个月,为主力后退赢得时间,没有命令不准撤退。在阻击战的13个昼夜里,63军毙伤敌军1.5万余人,自身付出2万多人的伤亡代价。
图 | 铁原阻击战
6月10日,傅崇碧接到彭老总撤退的命令。在撤退途中,傅崇碧身受重伤,昏迷了四天四夜。手术醒来后,傅崇碧只说了一句:“我要兵!”彭德怀立即回复:“我给你补2万!”在场的人潸然泪下。
晚年的傅崇碧在回忆录里写到:铁原阻击战规模最大、时间最长、最惨烈、最残酷。2003年1月,傅崇碧病逝,享年87岁。
图 | 傅崇碧和夫人
秦基伟搭档的第三任政委是杨白冰,生于1920年9月,四川潼南县人,他的另外一个身份是杨尚昆的弟弟。1938年1月,17岁的杨白冰来到延安参加革命。1939年3月,任八路军129师政治部青年干事。
解放战争时期,杨白冰一直在刘邓大军的麾下从事政治工作,先后参加了淮海、渡江、进军大西南等一系列战役战斗。建国后在成都军区工作,1959年授大校军衔,1979年担任北京军区政治部副主任。
1985年6月,杨白冰接替傅崇碧任北京军区政委。值得一提的是,杨白冰是三位政委中唯一授上将军衔的,和秦基伟1988年一起授上将。
该书由麻栗坡县老山红色文化研究会、文山州民营企业行业发展协会、文山展梦文化传媒有限公司,中国国际文化出版社出版发行。定价:168元|本。
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rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root,body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body{--appmsgExtra-BG: #F7F7F7}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .85);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .65);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .55);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .35);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px) and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) 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59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}.rich_media_content p{clear:both;min-height:1em}td p{margin:0;padding:0}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--immersive-safe-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}*{margin:0;padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important}
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