题记:喜也凭你,笑也任你,气也随你,愧也由你,感也在你,恼也从你,朕从来不会心口相异。
“暖男”雍正对臣工写下了怎样的温柔?
雍正的书房写着四个“戒急用忍”的四个大字,原因是年轻时候被康熙定性为:“喜怒不定”。知子莫若父,然而在宫廷伦理家庭中,对这个弱点的批评是相当严厉。为此他处处低调谨慎,专心研究学问,摆出一副看淡人生的外在形象。多年后,他对臣下李绂诉苦说:“朕经历世故多年,所以动心忍性处实不寻常。”可知他天性外向,只是因为特殊环境不得不打造稳重与成熟的“世故形象”。
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登基之后,雍正终于可以活着自己的一副模样,想抒情就抒情,想怼谁就怼谁,因此他的多面性情也被他表现得淋漓尽致,一时之间,帝国枯燥乏味的奏折变得生动有趣。
暖你暖到心窝里。
雍正的一句话可以表明他努力成为这样的“外要柔和,内存刚毅,若能如此为之,才是大丈夫。”这样男人。登极之初,由于深得隆科多的帮衬,他特封为“舅舅”。每逢心情好,一口一个“怡舅”叫个不停。
由于早期与年羹尧关系相当亲密,雍正登极后对他说:“朕实不知如何疼你,方有颜对天地神明也。”收到年羹尧在外征战劳苦有时遇到危险时,雍正回复他说:“真正累了你了,不但朕,怡亲王都心疼你落眼泪。阿弥陀佛,好一大险!”、“对你的为人与功业,每向怡舅,朕皆落泪告之。”
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对于君臣二人的前景,雍正做了相当自信的美好展望:“从来君臣之遇到合私意相得者有之,但未必如我二人之人耳。总之,我二人做个千古君臣知遇榜样,令天下后世钦慕流涎就是矣。”让他们羡慕的直流口水。对于鄂尔泰,他更是暖的不行。“鄂尔泰在朕前不过数日,联每念之不置,偶阅伊奏折,辄为泪下,岂亦君臣夙世缘分耶! ”、“凡诸外用大臣陛辞,朕不忍别至于落泪者,惟卿(指鄂尔泰)一人耳。”
鄂尔泰生了小病,把雍正紧张得够呛,特意找人推算命理,结果是大寿,雍正才长出一口气说:“朕之心病已痊愈矣。”
对机要大臣深情款款。
雍正五年,张廷玉生病,病好后进官雍正说:“我前两天对近侍们说,我连日臂痛,你们知道吗?他们惊问其故。我说,大学士张廷玉患病,此人如朕手臂,这不就是我臂痛吗?”此事传开,成为一时佳话。雍正末年,张廷玉回家省亲,皇帝写信给他说:“联即位十-年来,朝廷之上近亲大臣中,只和你一天也没有分离过。我和你义固君臣,情同密友。如今相隔月余,未免每每思念。”
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雍正初年,云南布政使李卫咯血,获赐药物,李卫在回复说:“ 谅系急于报效用心太过所致。”因命卫“爱养精神,毋事勉强”。此后不久,李卫再度患病,雍正急忙特遣医土谢鹏至浙江诊视,谆谆劝告:“办理事务,须量力而为,不可强费精神。事过勿留,虚静调适。”
雍正七年,河东总督田文镜得疾,奉批:“ 当于温暖室中安居静摄,加意调养,须待平复如初,方可出户行动。”此后又不断写信劝慰:“ 知卿精神体气健旺如初,甚为欣慰。但已年近古稀,切勿逞力自矜,于一切处慎重爱惜为宜。”
如果说上述几位都是心腹宠信大臣外,其他官员有时也会得到这种暖心的关怀,则说明了雍正对臣下的关心是整体的。雍正五年,河道总督齐苏勒患心跳脾泻之疾,即遣御医并带去珍稀人参,为其治病。
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听说痊愈后,雍正高兴的批复说:“闻卿体全愈,朕心之喜,获珍宝不足喻也。”
雍正七年,山西提督袁立相患风湿症,特赐内府药,命太医阎德富前往诊疗。逐渐康复时奉批:“ 览奏欣悦,如获宝物,更当用心摄养,一切处不得过用精神,待痊愈如初料理亦不为迟。
每逢年节,雍正也会在臣下奏折上温暖问候:“朕躬安,尔好么”“朕躬甚安,尔可好?新年大喜!蒙天地神佛保佑,尔之合省雨水调匀,粮食大收,军民安乐,万事如意!”给两江总督查弼纳说:“送一匣清茶房干果与尔,怎比得上尔南省的果子呢?再,干羊肉朕食味甚美,一并赏送于尔。”可见雍正的心细和讲究人情世故。
雍正未因自己是皇帝,就高高在上,大部分时候都能颇为谦和的对待臣工。黑龙江将军听说雍正给他赏赐东西,特意回奏推辞,雍正回复说:“系元宵节之赏,并非什么好东西。”款款暖意,让这位将军如沐春风。
浙江乍浦水师营副都统傅森酗酒。雍正告诫他:“若奉此旨后,仍不戒酒,则辜负朕恩,成为无用之辈,务必仰副朕仁爱之旨意。”劝勉他不要因酒误事,成为废人。靖边大将军傅尔丹、塔尔岱等十一人上请安折,雍正帝批示:“朕之宝贝塔尔岱,尔今痊愈乎?慎养!”
雍正批复
湖北巡抚纳齐哈患腹痛病,没有及时奏报,雍正“闻后甚焦急,尔理应早奏,派遣良医,病愈后好生调养”,随即派大夫田玉携赐药到武昌;又命他任职中书的儿子前往湖北护理。西安将军延信跟雍正互道真情互动,一再谦逊“延信我愚昧过失之处,圣主均宽宥免罪……”看到颇为诚恳的奏折,雍正不无动情地回复道:“理应黾勉,如朕当奴四十载之主实难相遇。即便相遇,如朕无私心杂念之人,相遇更难。”此外,对于臣下奏报满意时,雍正在朱批中不无激动的表示:“快睹之”“所奏虔诚,朕快睹之”,“甚是欢忭,合掌而阅。”“览奏甚喜,合掌祈祷”。此外也有“落泪而书”,“噙泪谕之”的表达。种种可见,雍正对于臣下的关心有时确实是相当率真温暖。
骂人骂到骨头里
雍正二千万的朱批之中除了大量政务处理外,也密集出现了个人情绪的表达,有时是相当的“接地气,通俗易懂”。
雍正给一位石姓的臣下批示颇为有意思,甚至是很无奈“朕如此推心置腹,任用尔等,凡有累民之举,概令据实入告。尔等竟若罔闻,政令乖方一至于此,朕惟仰天泪下,亦无言可谕尔等也 ”你们把我已经伤的对天哭泣,我已经不想再给你说什么了。面对官员素质、能力的良莠不齐,由于性情急躁,有时一言不合破口大骂。这其中包括“死人、废物、狗”等等人身攻击。
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荆州将军吴纳哈奏报修缮苏塌城墙的琐碎情形。雍正看得心烦,批道:“此等未成之事,何以渎奏。为尔之差事,而不顾朕有无空暇,毫无体谅之心,此乃何臣之道?真是老糊涂了!”乍浦水师营副都统傅森奏报生息银两营运之策。雍正帝嫌他不达事体,骂道:“糊涂的东西,向李卫、阿里衮请教以行。”
看到臣下奏折荒唐,他则批示道:“观汝屡次论奏,俱属狂妄不经,莫非尔慎国有疯症耶。”“可谓良心丧尽无耻之小人也。”
兵部右侍郎牛纽奏请修复张家湾堤坝。雍正帝认为他办事心思不纯,想在工程中贪赃受贿,故而说:“大买卖来了。偿还之份力图加倍索取。倘若不足,朕再遣数名妥靠富人给尔。”
陕西旱情严重,将军常色礼等人却在斋戒之日吃食祭肉,被当做笑话传到了雍正这里。给他批复大骂:“尔想尔自己是什么东西....系巧诈巨奸不体面之奴才也!”又在常色礼的奏折中“奴才常色礼今年六十八岁”一句处,批云:“比去岁只增加一岁”,加以调侃。在“奴才若有巧诈不诚心之处”朱批:“竟不知自己行为之非是也,可惜联教诲之心。不如畜牲!现在世上未有。”
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有官员奏请在地方修建旗人学校,雍正认为他们这是收买人心,做面子工程,于是斥责说:“尔等此奏少无诚意,随口俱奏,竟女人气,佯装好人卑鄙之习,断难改悔,朕惊奇不已。”可知官员阅读批复时有多尴尬。
收到在左都御史尹泰的几份奏折,雍正一下子控制不住,朱批长篇难堪的话:“尹泰,尔以前干什么来着,该死的老畜牲!与彼等同负人之恩,还是身懂其祸。尔若负朕恩,则天必诛之。”觉得不解气,又在另一份上批示:“放老狗屁。”“尔甚卑贱,负朕之恩,装作好人,取虚名。”“尔不是人,....若再如此负朕起私心,不但天必诛殛,朕岂有罢休之理?”
那些比较中性的批语和冷嘲热讽,也隐藏了许多个性。
对于自己未能明确的事务,他叫地方官“勿得隐瞒,从实奏来。将此等事,惟慎密之,一旦为朕知觉,要关系尔之一生。”言外之意,溢于言表。
“知人则哲为帝其难之。朕这样平常皇帝,如何用得起你这样人!
当对李绂不满时,他说:“若不如是,李绂、甘汝来头莫望在顶上。”
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对于交办重大机密,他也会表示“少不机密一点,仔细头!”对臣下的文字奏折,雍正经常保持高度警惕,以免被他们“耻笑了去。”
在福建布政使赵国麟写自己是“一得之愚”的旁边,雍正帝训诫他,写下朱批:用愚字处过多矣。朕岂有肯畀愚人以藩司之职。
有的臣下不能跟上雍正节奏,对于雍正的长篇批示不能迅速回复关键,因此让雍正大发雷霆。“黄叔琳自任浙抚以来,大负朕恩,种种不可枚举。朕经严谕数次,竟无一字奏覆,封还朕谕,可恶至极!”
在给石云倬的批复中竟然很有耍孩子脾气地说:“朕诲汝许多格言,何啻珍宝。况悉系亲笔所书,未见汝感激奏谢一字。似此随众赏赐些微物件,乃长篇大论以相烦渎,殊属不知轻重、不识大体之至!可惜朕一片苦心训诲汝如此顽蠢之人。自此亦不再训亦不赏赐矣。”
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有时候他会认可臣僚的谦申之辞,或者将其替换方程度更甚的词语:“臣自知器小才庸; (朱批)将已之态度一语写出如画。”又将战栗惶悚; (朱批)改为“羞愧汗赧。雍正这样,就是让他的文字批判功夫达到炉火纯青。你是神仙么?似此无知狂诈之言,岂可在君父之前率意胡说得的!”
类似这样的批语相当丰富,在此不全部列举。
对于奏折里的言语和风度,似乎雍正自我定位最为精准,甚至对仗工整,间不容发“喜也凭你,笑也任你,气也随你,愧也由你,感也在你,恼也从你,朕从来不会心口相异。”算是最生动的自我诠释。雍正的奏折批复注入了雍正的鲜活个人色彩,在森严壁垒的红墙里,传递出宫廷里鲜活少有的“说人话”。
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#1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care]{--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: #fff;--weui-FG-0: #000;--weui-FG-HALF: #000;--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .6);--weui-FG-2: rgba(0, 0, 0, .42);--weui-FG-3: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-RED: #dc3636;--weui-ORANGERED: #d14730;--weui-ORANGE: #e17719;--weui-YELLOW: #bb8e00;--weui-GREEN: #4f8400;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #2e8800;--weui-BRAND: #018942;--weui-BLUE: #007dbb;--weui-INDIGO: #0075e2;--weui-PURPLE: #6265f1;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #e17719;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(225, 119, 25, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #007dbb;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(0, 125, 187, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-mode=care][data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-mode=care][data-weui-theme=dark]{--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: 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#3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) .wx-root[data-weui-theme=dark],body:not(.pages_skin_pc) body[data-weui-theme=dark]{--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc)body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media screen 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59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}.rich_media_content p{clear:both;min-height:1em}td p{margin:0;padding:0}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--immersive-safe-bottom: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px;--appmsgPageBottomGap: 40px}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400;font-size:16px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}*{margin:0;padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important;word-wrap:break-word!important}
div.autoTypeSetting24psection > p,div.autoTypeSetting24psection > section{margin-bottom: 24px;}